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In speech, the date is spoken in the same format as it is written. Using the example: пүрэв (pürev), 2017 (Khoyor myanga doloon) оны (ony) 8 (Naiman) сарын (saryn) 10 (Арван). Ordinal Mongolian is a colloquial term used to express the day of the month instead of cardinal Mongolian. It is rarely used in formal writing.
The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, to design a new script for use by the whole empire.
The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right .
In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. [5] [6] [7] In China, the Cyrillic alphabet is also used by Chinese for learning the modern Mongolian language, as well as by some Mongols in Inner Mongolia to demonstrate their ethnic identity. [8] [9]
This script then became the established writing system used for all Mongolian literature until the 1930s when the Mongolian Latin alphabet was introduced, which then in 1941 was replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet. [2] Classical Mongolian was formerly used in Mongolia, China, and Russia. It is a standardized written language used in the ...
There are two types of written Mongolian used in China: the traditional Mongolian script, which is official among Mongols nationwide, and the Clear Script, used predominantly among Oirats in Xinjiang. [135] In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by ...
In present-day Mongolia, Cyrillic is the official script for the Mongolian language and the traditional script is referred to as the old Mongol script (Mongolian: Хуучин монгол бичиг). Today, an estimated six million Mongol people in China can still read the traditional Mongolian script. [citation needed]
In the Mongolian version of the Latin alphabet, there were additional letters ɵ (Cyrillic: ө), ç (ч), ş (ш) and ƶ (ж); Y corresponded to the Cyrillic ү. K transliterated the sound that would later come to be represented in Cyrillic by х in native Mongolian words.