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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
The bT-scholia have come down to us through two sources: the 11th century T, the "Townleian" scholia, so designated because the manuscript, Townleyanus, was once in the collection of Lord Townley, and a lost manuscript, b, whose descendants include the manuscript known as Venetus B. The bT manuscripts descend from an earlier manuscript, c.
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible.Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see Tefillin) to huge polyglot codices (multi-lingual books) containing both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the New Testament, as well as extracanonical works.
Codex Gigas, the largest manuscript of the World, 13th century; Codex Sinaiticus, 4th century; Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209, 4th century; Codex Bezae, 5th century; Codex Washingtonianus, 4th or 5th century; Dead Sea scrolls; Freising manuscripts, 10th century; The Garland of Howth, late 9th to early 10th centuries; Gospels of Tsar Ivan ...
An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text date to c. 1500 BC, [1] while the oldest known manuscripts date to c. 1040 AD. [2] Similarly the oldest Avestan texts, the Gathas, are believed to have been composed before 1000 BC, but the oldest Avestan manuscripts date from the 13th century AD. [3]
Manuscript, Codex Manesse.Most manuscripts were ruled with horizontal lines that served as the baselines on which the text was entered. 10th-century minuscule manuscript of Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War First page of Satie's Sports et divertissements (published as a facsimile in 1923)
The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a Greek manuscript of the Bible from the 5th century, is a palimpsest.. In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ ˈ p æ l ɪ m p s ɛ s t /) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse [1] in the form of another document. [2]
The cover of the psalter, after conservation. The Faddan More Psalter (Irish: Saltair an Fheadáin Mhóir) (also Irish Bog Psalter or "Faddan Mor Psalter") is an early medieval Christian psalter or text of the book of Psalms, discovered in a peat bog in July 2006, in the townland of Faddan More (Irish: Feadán Mór) in north County Tipperary, Ireland. [1]