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Shoin-zukuri (Japanese: 書院造, 'study room architecture') is a style of Japanese architecture developed in the Muromachi, Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods that forms the basis of today's traditional-style Japanese houses.
The interior of a minka was generally divided into two sections: a floor of compacted earth, called a doma (the precursor to a Genkan) and a raised floor (generally around 20 inches (50 cm) above the level of the doma), called a hiroma , and, in larger, richer houses, an area or set of rooms covered in tatami or mushiro mats, called a zashiki ...
Tatami mats are rice straw floor mats often used to cover the floor in Japan's interiors; in modern Japanese houses there are usually only one or two tatami rooms. Another way to connect rooms in Japan's interiors is through sliding panels made of wood and paper, like the shōji screens, or cloth.
Alternatively, in terms of traditional Japanese area units, room area (and especially house floor area) is measured in terms of tsubo, where one tsubo is the area of two tatami mats (forming a square); formally 1 by 1 ken or about 3.306 m 2 (35.59 sq ft). Some common room sizes in the Nagoya region are:
This washitsu has tatami flooring and shoji (doors). A traditional washitsu. A washitsu (和室), meaning "Japanese-style room(s)", and frequently called a "tatami room" in English, is a Japanese room with traditional tatami flooring. [1] Washitsu also usually have sliding doors , rather than hinged doors between rooms.
The typical Kyoto machiya is a long wooden home with narrow street frontage, stretching deep into the city block and often containing one or more small courtyard gardens, known as tsuboniwa. Machiya incorporate earthen walls and baked tile roofs, and are typically one, one and a half or two stories high, occasionally stretching to three stories ...
In Japanese architecture, fusuma are vertical rectangular panels which can slide from side to side to redefine spaces within a room, or act as doors. [1] They typically measure about 90 cm (2 ft 11 in) wide by 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall, the same size as a tatami mat, and are 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) thick.
The wood panels were often quite elaborately ornamented, from the late 1500s onwards. [44] The outside of the koshi may covered with wickerwork, or the inside papered. [44] Pictures on paper were sometimes pasted onto the koshi board (haritsuke-e, 貼付絵); pasted-on pictures are characteristic of the Shoin style. [45]