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  2. Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_information...

    Hypothesis: Water created tell-tale salt chemicals in the rock. Competing hypothesis: Chemistry of rocks is determined by volcanic processes. Supporting data: Sulfate salts and jarosite mineral were found in the rock. On Earth they are made in standing water (possibly during evaporation).

  3. Mars ocean theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_ocean_theory

    However, early in its history Mars may have had conditions more conducive to retaining liquid water at the surface. Mars without a dust storm in June 2001 (on left) and with a global dust storm in July 2001 (on right), as seen by Mars Global Surveyor. Early Mars had a carbon dioxide atmosphere similar in thickness to present-day Earth (1000 hPa ...

  4. Atmosphere of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars

    In 1965, the measurements made during Mariner 4's flyby confirmed that the Martian atmosphere is constituted mostly of carbon dioxide, and the surface pressure is about 400 to 700 Pa. [203] After the composition of the Martian atmosphere was known, astrobiological research began on Earth to determine the viability of life on Mars.

  5. Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_water_on_Mars...

    That Mars once possessed large amounts of water was confirmed by isotope studies in a study published in March 2015, by a team of scientists showing that the ice caps were highly enriched with deuterium, heavy hydrogen, by seven times as much as the Earth. This means that Mars has lost a volume of water 6.5 times what is stored in today's polar ...

  6. Mars carbonate catastrophe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_carbonate_catastrophe

    Mars has only about 0.7% of the atmospheric pressure of Earth. Mars' atmosphere is about 6.5 millibar, Earth's atmosphere is 1013 millibar. Surface of Mars is like Earth at 100,000 feet (30 kilometres) in the stratosphere. [19] [20] Mars' atmosphere's humidity is 0.03%, Earth's average humidity is about 50% (lowest 0.36%, high 100%).

  7. Martian polar ice caps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps

    1995 photo of Mars showing approximate size of the polar caps. The planet Mars has two permanent polar ice caps of water ice and some dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide, CO 2).Above kilometer-thick layers of water ice permafrost, slabs of dry ice are deposited during a pole's winter, [1] [2] lying in continuous darkness, causing 25–30% of the atmosphere being deposited annually at either of the ...

  8. Water on Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_on_Mars

    Eight times as much deuterium was found at Mars than exists on Earth, suggesting that ancient Mars had significantly higher levels of water. Results from the Curiosity rover had previously found a high ratio of deuterium in Gale Crater, though not significantly high enough to suggest the presence of an ocean. Other scientists caution that this ...

  9. Terraforming of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars

    In many aspects, Mars is the most Earth-like of all the other planets in the Solar System. [citation needed] It is thought [6] that Mars had a more Earth-like environment early in its geological history, with a thicker atmosphere and abundant water that was lost over the course of hundreds of millions of years through atmospheric escape. Given ...