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Communal conflicts in Nigeria [3] can be divided into two broad categories: [4] [dubious – discuss] Ethno-religious conflicts , attributed to actors primarily divided by cultural , ethnic, or religious communities and identities, such as instances of religious violence between Christian and Muslim communities .
The blockade interdicted food, medicine, and other supplies needed by civilians. Nigerian federal leaders obstructed the passage of relief supplies and stated that starvation was a deliberate tactic of war, although also dismissing reports of famine as Biafran propaganda. [1] All is fair in war, and starvation is one of the weapons of war.
On 15 January 1966, a group of young military officers overthrew Nigeria's government, ending the short-lived First Nigerian Republic.The officers who staged the coup were mostly young soldiers , led by Kaduna Nzeogwu, [2] and they assassinated several northerners, including Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa, Northern Region Premier Ahmadu Bello, Western Region Premier Ladoke Akintola, finance ...
Biafra (light brown) attempted to separate from the rest of Nigeria (dark brown) during the Nigerian Civil War. In 1967, separatists in Nigeria's southeast declared the formation of the independent state of Biafra. The subsequent Nigerian Civil War lasted two and a half years, led to over a million dead, and ended with the defeat of Biafra ...
According to Shank, "negative unintended consequences occur either concurrently with the war or develop as residual effects afterwards thereby impeding the economy over the longer term". [17] In 2012 the economic impact of war and violence was estimated to be eleven percent of gross world product (GWP) or 9.46 trillion dollars. [18]
Following a plebiscite in 1961, the Southern Cameroons elected to rejoin French Cameroon, while the Northern Cameroons opted to join Nigeria, a move which added to Nigeria's already large Northern Muslim population. [101] The territory made up much of what is now Northeastern Nigeria, and a large part of the areas affected by the insurgency.
Nigeria's oil, which became its primary source of income after independence from the British Empire, was located in the south of the country. [10] The Igbo-dominated secessionist state of Biafra that came into existence in 1967 acquired the oil-rich region which played a key role in the Nigerian civil war. [11]
The Nigerian Civil War (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970), also known as the Biafran War, was fought between Nigeria and the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state which had declared its independence from Nigeria in 1967. Nigeria was led by General Yakubu Gowon, and Biafra by Lieutenant Colonel Chukwuemeka "Emeka" Odumegwu Ojukwu. [26]