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1851–1853 – Mercator Cooper landed on what is now known as Oates Coast in what is probably the first adequately documented landing on the mainland of Antarctica. 1872–1876 – HMS Challenger under Capt. George S. Nares, becomes the first steamship to cross the Antarctic Circle; reopens the study of oceanography in the region after a 30 ...
The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. The term Antarctic , referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle , was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD.
Bacteria have been revived from Antarctic snow hundreds of years old. [66] They have also been found deep under the ice, in Lake Whillans, part of a network of subglacial lakes that sunlight does not reach. [67] A wide variety of algae are found in Antarctica, often forming the base of food webs. [68]
Scientists accidentally discovered an 118-year-old painting by one of Britain's most famous explorers in Antarctica.
Despite having first been recorded by Captain Cook in the late 1790s, the first emperor penguin colony wasn’t discovered until 1902. Because they dwell in such extreme southern climes that are ...
Left to right: Roald Amundsen, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel and Oscar Wisting after first reaching the South Pole on 16 December 1911. The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era in the exploration of the continent of Antarctica which began at the end of the 19th century, and ended after the First World War; the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of 1921–1922 is often cited by historians ...
A 68-million-year-old skull fossil found in Antarctica has revealed the oldest known modern bird, which was likely related to the waterfowl that live by lakes and oceans today, according to new ...
The oldest known human remains in the Antarctic region was a skull, dated from 1819 to 1825, that belonged to a young woman on Yamana Beach at the South Shetland Islands. The woman, who was likely to have been part of a sealing expedition, was found in 1985. [150]