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Mexico gained its independence from Spain, and from 1821 to 1846 California (called Alta California by 1824) was under Mexican rule. The Mexican National Congress passed the Colonization Act of 1824 in which large sections of unoccupied land were granted to individuals, and in 1833 the government secularized missions and consequently many civil authorities at the time confiscated the land from ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 February 2025. 18th to 19th-century Catholic religious outposts in California For the establishments in modern-day Mexico, see Spanish missions in Baja California. The locations of the 21 Franciscan missions in Alta California. Part of a series on Spanish missions in the Americas of the Catholic Church ...
Today a growing number of people, calling themselves California Mission Walkers, hike the mission trail route, usually in segments between the missions. [5] Walking the trail is a way to connect with the history of the missions. For some it represents a spiritual pilgrimage, inspired by Jesuit priest Richard Roos' 1985 book, Christwalk. [6]
Catholic missions were installed throughout the Americas in an effort to integrate native populations as part of the Spanish culture; from the point of view of the Monarchy, naturals of America were seen as Crown subjects in need of care, instruction and protection from the military and settlers, many of which were in the pursuit of wealth ...
St. Carlos, near Monterey, c. 1792 Spanish missions in California. The Mexican Secularization Act of 1833, officially called the Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of California, [1] was an act passed by the Congress of the Union of the First Mexican Republic which secularized the Californian missions.
Next, the Mexican Congress passed An Act for the Secularization of the Missions of California on August 17, 1833. Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first to feel the effects of this legislation the following year. The military received legal permission to distribute the Indian congregations' land amongst themselves in 1834 with ...
The uprising was the first of a dozen similar incidents that took place in Alta California during the Mission Period; however, most rebellions tended to be localized and short-lived due to the Spaniards' superior weaponry (native resistance more often took the form of non-cooperation, desertion, and raids on mission livestock).
Since California was a free state, the slaves should have been freed when they entered. However, slavery was openly tolerated. [7] Many of the slaves could not read or write and were ignorant of the law. Judge Benjamin Hayes freed 14 slaves, including Biddy Mason, who had belonged to Robert Smith, who claimed he still owned them. [8]