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At least Jimmy Page (the guitarist) had to use only the sound of that click to come in on his overdubs, since there are at least three simultaneous guitar parts. John Paul Jones (the bassist) may have recorded his bass part at the same time as the drums so he might have had the added benefit of eye contact and visual cues to time each re-entry.
There are many more time signatures. Just use the ones in the "Popular" list, because those are probably the only popular ones that are not in your list. Popular: 2/2 (very, very popular) 3/2. 6/4 (very popular) Other time signatures: 4/2 (Schuber Impromptus Op 90 No 3) 7/4, 9/4, 10/4, and 14/4 (all used in this song, but I forgot the name).
A time signature is a device we use when notating music that makes it easy to see where in the meter each note falls. The composer/engraver should choose the time signature that matches up with the music in the cleanest way. People will insist that certain beats will be stronger with certain time signatures.
Time signatures can be written in many ways and are largely contextual, so the short answer is no. However, I think it is absolutely possible to come up with synonymous time signatures, based on the phrasing, pulse and beat emphasis. This means you can tell the difference between 3/4 and 6/8 usually.
Two time signatures indicates alternation back and forth between the two. It's just shorthand for writing a new time sig at the start of every bar. The second sig is usually in parentheses, so, for example, 3/4(6/8) would have a bar of 3/4, then a bar of 6/8, then a bar of 3/4, etc.
However, in 8/8 time, which would seem to be similar, the sense of pulse is completely open-ended. Often time signatures in 8 have a dotted quarter note pulse, such as 6/8, 9/8, 12/8, but in a time signature like 8/8, which is not historically used, the composer is free to subdivide as they choose. This could technically be any variation of 3+3+2.
Time signatures are primarily for notational purposes. Beat, tempo, and meter all describe a certain thing about the music, but the time signature is just how that's codified when it's written down. As you know, Tempo is the frequency of the beat, and Beats are a kind of rhythmic emphasis that happens at regular intervals in most music.
2. Take for (extreme) example, this song: After half-time intro, the triplets on the double bass lend it a swaying six eight feel, but the meter can easily also be counted out in fours and syncopates a little better with the phrasing of the melody that way.
I have a strong but not so popular opinion that in rock, the time signature is explicit in the drum part. For example, the vast majority of the time, the hi hat indicates eighth notes. Perhaps that will help you feel the pulse of “Nothing Else Matters”. –
Time signatures are understood to imply a feel. with 4/4, the first beat will be strong, the second weak, the third quite strong, and the last quite weak (but perhaps having a little extra oomph in anticipation of the next strong beat. 6/8 is Strong - weak - weak - quite strong - weak - weak, and so on.