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The name Phoenicia is an ancient Greek exonym that did not correspond precisely to a cohesive culture or society as it would have been understood natively. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Therefore, the division between Canaanites and Phoenicians around 1200 BC is regarded as a modern and artificial construct.
Phoenicia's independent coastal cities were ideally suited for trade between the Levant area, which was rich in natural resources, and the rest of the ancient world. Early into the Iron Age, the Phoenicians established ports, warehouses, markets, and settlement all across the Mediterranean and up to the southern Black Sea.
The temples were rectangular, often with a smaller annex room, and were generally oriented along an east-west axis. The adyton (most-sacred space) [e] was located in the western part of the temple, and was sometimes raised. Another feature described by Edrey and Wright is the "bent-entry", in which the main entrance was not centrally located.
Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. [6] [7] The Phoenicians were organized in city-states along the northern Levantine coast, including Tyre, Sidon and Byblos. [8]
The Treaty of Lutatius was the agreement between Carthage and Rome of 241 BC (amended in 237 BC), that ended the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict. Most of the fighting during the war took place on, or in the waters around, the island of Sicily and in 241 BC a Carthaginian fleet was defeated by a Roman fleet commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus while attempting to lift the blockade of ...
Utica was founded as a port located on the trade route leading from Phoenicia to the Straits of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean, facilitating trade in commodities like tin. [8] The exact founding date of Utica is a matter of controversy. Several classical authors date its foundation to around 1100 BC.
The name Phoenicia is an ancient Greek exonym that did not correspond precisely to a cohesive culture or society as it would have been understood natively. [7] [8] Therefore, the division between Canaanites and Phoenicians around 1200 BC is regarded as a modern and artificial division. [6] [9]
Phoenicus or Phoinikous (Ancient Greek: Φοινικοῦς), or Phoenicus Portus or Limne Phoinikous (Φοινικοῦς λιμήν), [1] was a harbour town of ancient Messenia west of the promontory Acritas, and in front of the islands of Oenussae. [2] It is believed to have been founded by the Phoenicians. [3]