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Later authors have modified the classes and have sometimes used leaf length as a simpler measure than leaf area if the leaf shape is approximately an ellipse. For example, L.J. Webb [3] used size classes: Microphyll: less than 2,025 square millimetres; Notophyll: 2,025–4,500 square millimetres; Mesophyll: greater than 4,500 square millimetres
Alternatively, the crown area can be measured and crown spread calculated from that value. EasyAcreage [8] is a Google Earth area measurement tool that calculates the area of any shape outlined on the Google Earth display. The perimeter of the tree can be traced on a satellite photo, and the software will calculate the area.
where A is the total leaf area of a plant. The first component is called the 'Leaf Area Ratio' (LAR) and indicates how much leaf area there is per unit total plant mass. For young plants, values are often in the range of 1–20 m 2 kg −1, for tree seedlings they are generally less.
Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms. The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets). [1]
However, as the tree is heavily buttressed, and irregular in shape, a calculation of nominal diameter, defined as the cross-sectional wood area expressed as a circle, gives this tree a diameter at breast height of 30.8 feet (9.4 m)—a much smaller number, but a more accurate representation of the tree's size. [10]
In a variety of species, drought decreases specific leaf area. [14] [15] [16] For example, under drought conditions, leaves were, on average, smaller than leaves on control plants. [17] This is a logical observation, as a relative decrease in surface area would mean that there would be fewer ways for water to be lost.
Surface of an organ facing away from the organ's axis, e.g. the lower surface of a lateral organ such as a leaf or petal. [2] Contrast adaxial. abort To abandon development of a structure or organ. [3] abscission Natural shedding of an organ that is mature or aged, as of a ripe fruit or an old leaf. [4] abscission zone
Most trees begin life with a taproot, but after one to a few years change to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal surface roots and only a few vertical, deep anchoring roots. A typical mature tree 30–50 m tall has a root system that extends horizontally in all directions as far as the tree is tall or more, but well over ...