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The Stone–Geary utility function gives rise to the Linear Expenditure System. [ 1] In case of the demand function equals. where is total expenditure, and is the price of good . The Stone–Geary utility function was first derived by Roy C. Geary, [ 2] in a comment on earlier work by Lawrence Klein and Herman Rubin. [ 3]
A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. [1] In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0- arity) predicates.
In mathematics, a codomain or set of destination of a function is a set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set Y in the notation f: X → Y. The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function. A codomain is part of a function f if f is defined as a ...
Crocodile dilemma. The crocodile paradox, also known as crocodile sophism, is a paradox in logic in the same family of paradoxes as the liar paradox. [1] The premise states that a crocodile, who has stolen a child, promises the parent that their child will be returned if and only if they correctly predict what the crocodile will do next.
Hadamard test. In quantum computation, the Hadamard test is a method used to create a random variable whose expected value is the expected real part. {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} \langle \psi |U|\psi \rangle } , where is a quantum state and is a unitary gate acting on the space of . [1] The Hadamard test produces a random variable whose image is ...
Hierarchy (mathematics) In mathematics, a hierarchy is a set-theoretical object, consisting of a preorder defined on a set. This is often referred to as an ordered set, though that is an ambiguous term that many authors reserve for partially ordered sets or totally ordered sets. The term pre-ordered set is unambiguous, and is always synonymous ...
Engineering mathematics. Mathematical engineering (or engineering mathematics) is a branch of applied mathematics, concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. Along with fields like engineering physics and engineering geology, both of which may belong in the wider category engineering ...
In analytic geometry, a line and a sphere can intersect in three ways: Intersection in two points. Methods for distinguishing these cases, and determining the coordinates for the points in the latter cases, are useful in a number of circumstances. For example, it is a common calculation to perform during ray tracing.