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2. Quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

   Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO 4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO 2. Quartz is, therefore, classified structurally as a framework silicate mineral and ...

3. Smoky quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_quartz

   Smoky quartz. Smoky quartz is a brownish grey, translucent variety of quartz that ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to an almost-opaque brownish-gray or black crystals. [6] The color of smoky quartz is produced when natural radiation, emitted from the surrounding rock, activates color centers around aluminum impurities within ...

4. Prasiolite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasiolite

   Other names for green quartz include vermarine and lime citrine. [7] The word prasiolite literally means "scallion green-colored stone" and is derived from Greek πράσον prason meaning "leek" and λίθος lithos meaning "stone". The mineral was given its name due to its green-colored appearance. Natural prasiolite is a very light ...

5. Chert - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chert

   Chalcedony is a microfibrous quartz. [16] Agate is distinctly banded chalcedony with successive layers differing in color or value. [66] Onyx is a banded agate with layers in parallel lines, often black and white (sardonyx). [67] Magadi-type chert is a variety that forms from a sodium silicate precursor in highly alkaline lakes such as Lake ...

6. Amethyst - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

   Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.

7. Jasper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

   Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1][2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron (III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as ...