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Conditions comorbid to autism. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, persists throughout adulthood, and affects two crucial areas of development: social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. [1] There are many conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorder, such ...
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a standardized diagnostic test for assessing autism spectrum disorder. The protocol consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks that involve social interaction between the examiner and the person under assessment. The examiner observes and identifies aspects of the subject's ...
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is expressed in abnormal mental functions, a loss of one's sense of identity and self, a compromised perception of reality, and disturbed behavior. The signs and symptoms of childhood schizophrenia are similar to those of adult-onset schizophrenia.
Modern research generally agrees that there is a largely epigenetic etiology of autism spectrum disorders. [2] The terms refrigerator mother and refrigerator parents were coined around 1950 as a label for mothers or fathers of children diagnosed with autism or schizophrenia. Both terms are now regarded as stigmatizing, and no longer used.
e. Sex and gender differences in autism exist regarding prevalence, presentation, and diagnosis. Men and boys are more frequently diagnosed with autism than women and girls. It is debated whether this is due to a sex difference in rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or whether females are underdiagnosed. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The prevalence ratio is ...
In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. [ 1 ] Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms.
t. e. Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, which has led to various controversies about both the cause of autism and the nature of the diagnoses themselves. Whether autism has mainly a genetic or developmental cause, and the degree of coincidence between autism and intellectual disability, are all matters of current ...
Sex differences in schizophrenia are widely reported. [1][2][3] Men and women exhibit different rates of incidence and prevalence, age at onset, symptom expression, course of illness, and response to treatment. [2][3][4] Reviews of the literature suggest that understanding the implications of sex differences on schizophrenia may help inform ...