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Nucleic acid tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer. [1] RNA and DNA molecules are capable of diverse functions ranging from molecular recognition to catalysis. Such functions require a precise three-dimensional structure. While such structures are diverse and seemingly complex, they are composed of ...
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intr agenic regi on, i.e., a region inside a gene. [1] The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. [2]
RNA splicing. RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre- mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the ...
The split gene theory is a theory of the origin of introns, long non-coding sequences in eukaryotic genes between the exons. [1] [2] [3] The theory holds that the randomness of primordial DNA sequences would only permit small (< 600bp) open reading frames (ORFs), and that important intron structures and regulatory sequences are derived from stop codons.
Complete splicing of the introns produces the transposase enzyme, while alternative partial splicing of introns 1 and 2, leaving only intron 3 in the mRNA transcript, encodes the P element repressor. The complete, autonomous P element encodes a transposase enzyme, which recognizes the 31- bp terminal inverted repeats at either end of the P ...
The first intron to be identified as distinct from group I was the ai5γ group IIB intron, which was isolated in 1986 from a pre-mRNA transcript of the oxi 3 mitochondrial gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [9] A subset of group II introns encode essential splicing proteins, known as intron-encoded proteins or IEPs, in intronic ORFs. The length ...
Genetic code. A series of codons in part of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Each codon consists of three nucleotides, usually corresponding to a single amino acid. The nucleotides are abbreviated with the letters A, U, G and C. This is mRNA, which uses U (uracil). DNA uses T (thymine) instead.
Group I catalytic intron. Group I introns are large self-splicing ribozymes. They catalyze their own excision from mRNA, tRNA and rRNA precursors in a wide range of organisms. [1][2][3] The core secondary structure consists of nine paired regions (P1-P9). [4] These fold to essentially two domains – the P4-P6 domain (formed from the stacking ...