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  2. Chemical garden - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_garden

    A chemical garden is a set of complex biological-looking structures created by mixing inorganic chemicals. This experiment in chemistry is usually performed by adding metal salts, such as copper sulfate or cobalt (II) chloride, to an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (otherwise known as waterglass). This results in the growth of plant-like ...

  3. Crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

    Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties. [1] The word crystallography is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krústallos; "clear ice, rock-crystal"), and γράφειν (gráphein; "to write"). [2] In July 2012, the United Nations recognised the ...

  4. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of ...

  5. Davisson–Germer experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davisson–Germer_experiment

    The Davisson–Germer experiment was a 1923–1927 experiment by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs), [1][2][3] in which electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern. This confirmed the hypothesis, advanced by Louis de Broglie in 1924, of wave-particle ...

  6. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization. Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas. Attributes of the resulting crystal depend largely on factors ...

  7. Crystal chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Chemistry

    Crystal chemistry is the study of the principles of chemistry behind crystals and their use in describing structure-property relations in solids, as well as the chemical properties of periodic structures. [1]

  8. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    Crystal. Crystals of amethyst quartz. Microscopically, a single crystal has atoms in a near-perfect periodic arrangement; a polycrystal is composed of many microscopic crystals (called "crystallites" or "grains"); and an amorphous solid (such as glass) has no periodic arrangement even microscopically. A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid ...

  9. Materials science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

    Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Age of Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry ...

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