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It is also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and ‘pump bump.' It is a very common clinical condition, but still poorly understood. Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition.
At least 33% resolve without treatment within six years, and 50% within 10 years. [25] Surgical excision is the primary discretionary, elective treatment option for ganglion cysts. Alternatively, a hypodermic needle may be used to drain the fluid from the cyst (via aspiration). [26]
The redness starts to fade and it gradually becomes softer and smaller until it disappears. Each nodule usually heals completely without scarring over the course of about two weeks. [3] [4] Joint pain and inflammation sometimes continue for several weeks or months after the nodules appear. [5] Less common variants of erythema nodosum include:
Treatment is symptomatic and non-specific such as rest, ice, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs), and physical therapy. [1] [2] In those whose symptoms last more than six months despite other treatments, surgery may be considered. [2] Achilles tendinitis is relatively common. [2]
In medicine, nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .
Tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. [2] The pain is typically worse with movement. [2] It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis).
The Achilles tendon is short or absent in great apes, but long in arboreal gibbons and humans. [38] It provides elastic energy storage in hopping, [39] walking, and running. [38] Computer models suggest this energy storage Achilles tendon increases top running speed by >80% and reduces running costs by more than three-quarters. [38]
Xanthoma tendinosum (also tendon xanthoma or tendinous xanthoma [5]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands, feet, and heel. [ 2 ] : 531 Also associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).