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Air pollution can negatively affect a pregnancy resulting in higher rates of preterm births, growth restriction, and heart and lung problems in the infant. [22] Compounds such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide all have the potential to cause serious damage when inhaled by an expecting mother. [23]
Reproductive toxicity refers to the potential risk from a given chemical, physical or biologic agent to adversely affect both male and female fertility as well as offspring development. [1] Reproductive toxicants may adversely affect sexual function, ovarian failure, fertility as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring.
Chemical and occupational exposures may have some effect on pregnancy outcomes. [103] A cause-and-effect relationship can almost never be established. Those chemicals that are implicated in increasing the risk for miscarriage are DDT, lead, [104] formaldehyde, arsenic, benzene and ethylene oxide.
The Society of Toxicology of Canada is responsible for the Conservation Environment Protection Act, focusing on researching the impact to human health of chemical substances. [37] Thalidomide brought on changes in the way drugs are tested, what type of drugs are used during pregnancy, and increased the awareness of potential side effects of drugs.
Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior.
Common causes of teratogenesis include: [12] [13] Genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities; Maternal health factors Nutrition during pregnancy (e.g., spina bifida resulting from folate deficiency [13]) Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and thyroid disease; Stress; Chemical agents Prescription and recreational drugs (e.g., alcohol, [14 ...
False pregnancy has a prominent psychiatric component as well as physical manifestations of pregnancy. [2] It can be caused by trauma (either physical or mental), a chemical imbalance of hormones, [2] [3] and some medical conditions. [1]
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.