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Nicholas II (right) depicted in a fresco in the Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano in Rome c. 12th century. Pope Nicholas II (Latin: Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), otherwise known as Gerard of Burgundy, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1059 until his death in 27 July 1061.
Synod of Rome (745) held under the authority of Pope Zachary; Synod of Rome (898) Multiple councils held by John the XI to rectify the wrongs of the Cadaver Synod; Synod of Rome (963), a possibly uncanonical synod held in St. Peter's Basilica under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor to depose Pope John XII; Synod of Rome (964), a synod ...
Nicholas was consecrated pope on 24 January 1059 [3] with wide acceptance of the Roman people. [note 3] Keen to avoid future controversy in papal elections and to curb the outside influence exerted by non-ecclesiastical parties, in April 1059 he summoned a synod in Rome. [6] In nomine Domini was the codification of the synod's resolutions. [8]
At Hildebrand's invitation, the cardinals met in December, 1058, at Siena and elected Gerhard who assumed the name of Nicholas II. On his way to Rome the new pope held at Sutri a well-attended synod at which, in the presence of Duke Godfrey and the imperial chancellor, Guibert of Parma, he pronounced deposition against Benedict X." [89]
Jerome mentioned the synod twice, but only in passing. [3]The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church states: [1]. A council probably held at Rome in 382 under St. Damasus gave a complete list of the canonical books of both the Old Testament and the New Testament (also known as the 'Gelasian Decree' because it was reproduced by Gelasius in 495), which is identical with the list given at Trent.
Nicholas II, in the synod of 1059, formally codified existing practice by decreeing that preference was to be given to the clergy of Rome, but leaving the cardinal bishops free to select a cleric from elsewhere if they so decided. [30] The Council of 1179 rescinded these restrictions on eligibility. [17]
Before the Gregorian Reforms the Catholic Church was a heavily decentralized institution, in which the pope held little power outside his position as Bishop of Rome. With that in mind, the papacy up until the twelfth century held little to no authority over the bishops, who were invested with land by lay rulers.
27 October 2019 – Catholic Synod of Bishops for the Amazon issues a final document. Since convening on 6 October, the synod of bishops from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, and Suriname gather with Pope Francis in Rome. According to the bishops, "a deep personal, social and structural conversion" is ...