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2. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome

   These adverse effects are believed to be due to the neurotoxic effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol on aberrant neuronal plasticity and cortical damage. Repeated periods of acute intoxication followed by acute detoxification has profound effects on the brain and is associated with an increased risk of seizures as well as cognitive deficits.

3. ‘Alcohol gene’ could predict how cocktails may affect you ...

   www.aol.com/alcohol-gene-could-predict-cocktails...

   "A simple mouth swab is all we need to find out whether you have inherited DNA changes that affect your ability to metabolize alcohol and may increase your risk of serious health complications ...

4. Saliva testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_testing

   Saliva nitric test strip (Berkeley Test) showing colored scale of nitric oxide status – See article and jump to Cardiovascular Disease, Nitric Oxide: a salivary biomarker for cardio-protection Saliva testing or Salivaomics is a diagnostic technique that involves laboratory analysis of saliva to identify markers of endocrine , immunologic ...

5. Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindling_(sedative...

   Repeated benzodiazepine withdrawal episodes may result in similar neuronal kindling as that seen after repeated withdrawal episodes from alcohol, with resultant increased neuro-excitability. The glutamate system is believed to play an important role in this kindling phenomenon with AMPA receptors which are a subtype of glutamate receptors being ...

6. Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-acute-withdrawal_syndrome

   A protracted withdrawal syndrome can occur with symptoms persisting for months to years after cessation of substance use. Benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol, and any other drug may induce prolonged withdrawal and have similar effects, with symptoms sometimes persisting for years after cessation of use. Psychosis including severe anxiety and ...

7. Alcohol detoxification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification

   Alcohol detoxification (also known as detox) is the abrupt cessation of alcohol intake in individuals that have alcohol use disorder. This process is often coupled with substitution of drugs that have effects similar to the effects of alcohol in order to lessen the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal .

8. Alcohol-related brain damage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_brain_damage

   Alcohol-related brain damage [1] [2] alters both the structure and function of the brain as a result of the direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol intoxication or acute alcohol withdrawal. Increased alcohol intake is associated with damage to brain regions including the frontal lobe , [ 3 ] limbic system , and cerebellum , [ 4 ] with widespread ...

9. Long-term effects of alcohol - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol

   The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...