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The dirham was a unit of mass used across North Africa, the Middle East, Persia and Ifat; later known as Adal, with varying values. The value of Islamic dirham was 14 qirat. 10 dirham equals 7 mithqal (2.975 gm of silver). In the late Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: درهم), the standard dirham was 3.207 g; [1] 400 dirhem equal one oka.
The traditional calendar of the Ottoman Empire was, like in most Muslim countries, the Islamic calendar. Its era begins from the Hijra in 622 CE and each year is calculated using the 12 Arabian lunar months, approximately eleven days shorter than a Gregorian solar year. In 1839, however, a second calendar was put in use for official matters.
A number of units of measurement were used in the Philippines to measure various quantities including mass, area, and capacity. The metric system has been compulsory in the country since 1860, during the late Spanish colonial period. [1]
In 1524, the Ottoman law code of Egypt referred to the Mamluk Egyptian coin medin as pare and set its value as 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 dirham. Since 1640 the value of para was settled relative to Ottoman currency, at 3 akçe. In the 16th and 17th centuries pare were minted in many parts of the empire, in Asia and north Africa. [3]
According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks. [2] The eponymous Ottoman dynasty he founded endured for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the Central Powers, with whom it had allied itself during World ...
Around it is the mint and date formula reading "In the Name of God: this Dirham was struck in [mint name e.g. Damascus] the year [e.g. 698, AH 79]". The reverse has a four line central inscription taken from the Surah 112 of the Quran; "Qul hu Allahu Ahad, Allahu-Samad, Lam yalid wa lam yulad wa lam yakul-lahu kufu-an ahad"'.
The history of the Philippines dates from the earliest hominin activity in the archipelago at least by 709,000 years ago. [1] Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon [2] [3] at least by 134,000 years ago. [4] The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 ...
The Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the second reign of Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire upon the death of Suleiman the Magnificent. The Ottoman Empire of the Classical Age experienced dramatic territorial growth. The period opened with the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481) in 1453.