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Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
That is, the value of an octal "10" is the same as a decimal "8", an octal "20" is a decimal "16", and so on. In a hexadecimal system, there are 16 digits, 0 through 9 followed, by convention, with A through F. That is, a hexadecimal "10" is the same as a decimal "16" and a hexadecimal "20" is the same as a decimal "32".
Thus only 23 fraction bits of the significand appear in the memory format, but the total precision is 24 bits (equivalent to log 10 (2 24) ≈ 7.225 decimal digits) for normal values; subnormals have gracefully degrading precision down to 1 bit for the smallest non-zero value. The bits are laid out as follows:
Hex signature ISO 8859-1 Offset Extension Description 23 21 #! 0 Script or data to be passed to the program following the shebang (#!) [1] 02 00 5a 57 52 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ␂␀ZWRT␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀ 0 cwk Claris Works word processing doc 00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 ...
Although there is no official standard, today most devices displaying hex digits use the unique forms shown to the right: uppercase A, lowercase b, uppercase C, lowercase d, uppercase E and F. [5] To avoid ambiguity between the digit 6 and the letter b the digit 6 is displayed with segment A lit. [2] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Hexspeak is a novelty form of variant English spelling using the hexadecimal digits. Created by programmers as memorable magic numbers, hexspeak words can serve as a clear and unique identifier with which to mark memory or data. Hexadecimal notation represents numbers using the 16 digits 0123456789ABCDEF.
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The hexadecimal system uses all the digits from the decimal system, plus the letters "A" through "F", which represent the numbers 10 to 15 respectively. [15] When the binary system is used, the term "bit(s)" is typically used as an alternative for "digit(s)", being a portmanteau of the term "binary digit".