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During the Indian pre ancient period, weights and measure systems varied from region to region, commodity to commodity, and rural to urban areas. The weights were based on the weight of various seeds (in particular the wheat berry and Ratti ) and lengths were based on the length of arms and width of fingers.
A star close to the zenith of known declination from the Pole star was used to determine latitude, as a direct measurement of the pole star could be affected by refraction. The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India started on 10 April 1802 with the measurement of a baseline near Madras. [1]
Metrication, or the conversion to a measurement system based on the International System of Units (SI), occurred in India in stages between 1955 and 1962. The metric system in weights and measures was adopted by the Indian Parliament in December 1956 with the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, which took effect beginning 1 October 1958.
The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 was an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to establish standards of weights and measures, and to regulate trade or commerce in weights, measures, and other goods sold or distributed by weight, measure, or number. The Act aimed to ensure uniformity and accuracy in weights and measures across India.
This exercise ensures that Indian national standards are equivalent to those of the rest of the world. Any measurement made in a country should be directly or indirectly linked to the national standards of the country, For this purpose, a chain of laboratories are set up in different states of the country. The weights and measures used in daily ...
The measurements can vary slightly depending on the specific region and local customs. The following are the basic measurements of land used in the Punjab region, divided between Indian and Pakistani Punjab and many parts of North India and Pakistan in ascending order. The measurement system is covered in detail in Punjab Weight and Measurement ...
The history of measurement systems in India begins in early Indus Valley civilisation with the earliest surviving samples dated to the 3rd millennium BCE. [1] Since early times the adoption of standard weights and measures has reflected in the country's architectural , folk , and metallurgical artifacts . [ 1 ]
These ancient measurement systems spanned systems of counting, distances, volumes, time, weight as well as tools used to do so. While modern India uses the metric system International System of Units (Tamil Nadu state included), some of these older day measurement systems, especially those of counting, are still used today.