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A power braking system consists of several distinct components, including the vacuum booster, master cylinder, brake fluid reservoir and lines, and calipers (or drums). Power brakes have been around in some form since the 1920s, and since the late 20th century all cars sold in North America have been equipped with power brakes.
The brake balance or brake bias of a vehicle is the distribution of brake force at the front and rear tires, and may be given as the percentage distributed to the front brakes (e.g. 52%) [1] or as the ratio of front and rear percentages (e.g. 52/48). [2]
British Railway Class 90 infobox showing brake force Brake force to weight ratio of the Class 67 is higher than some other locomotives. In the case of railways, it is important that staff are aware of the brake force of a train so sufficient brake power will be available to bring the train to a halt within the required distance from a given speed.
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The braided wires have negligible expansion under pressure and can give a firmer feel to the brake pedal with less pedal travel for a given braking effort. The term 'power hydraulic brakes' can also refer to systems operating on very different principles where an engine-driven pump maintains continual hydraulic pressure in a central accumulator.
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In the US it is commonly called a brake booster. A vacuum servo, also known as a power booster or power brake unit, uses a vacuum, usually supplied by the engine, to multiply the driver's pedal effort and apply that effort to the master cylinder .
(The pedal on the left is the parking brake). In modern cars the four-wheel braking system is controlled by a pedal to the left of the accelerator pedal. There is usually also a parking brake which operates the rear brakes only (or less commonly, the front brakes only, as in the Saab 99 and in the Citroën Xantia).