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Arterial baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus (at the bifurcation of common carotid artery into external and internal carotids) and in the aortic arch. [5] The baroreceptors can identify the changes in both the average blood pressure or the rate of change in pressure with each arterial pulse.
The carotid sinus baroreceptor can be oversensitive to manual stimulation from the pressure applied at the carotid sinus at the carotid bifurcation. It is a condition known as 'carotid sinus hypersensitivity' (CSH), 'carotid sinus syndrome' or 'carotid sinus syncope', in which manual stimulation causes large changes in heart rate and blood ...
Baroreceptors are present in the atria of the heart and vena cavae, but the most sensitive baroreceptors are in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch.While the carotid sinus baroreceptor axons travel within the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the aortic arch baroreceptor axons travel within the vagus nerve (CN X).
It conveys information from the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus to the vasomotor center in the brainstem (in order to mediate blood pressure homeostasis), and from chemoreceptors of the carotid body [further explanation needed] (mainly conveying information about partial pressures of blood oxygen, and carbon dioxide).
The carotid body is a small cluster of peripheral chemoreceptor cells and supporting sustentacular cells situated at the bifurcation of each common carotid artery in its tunica externa. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen , but also ...
High pressure receptors or high pressure baroreceptors are the baroreceptors found within the aortic arch and carotid sinus. They are only sensitive to blood pressures above 60 mmHg . When these receptors are activated they elicit a depressor response; which decreases the heart rate and causes a general vasodilation .
The differing locations of the two bodies ideally position them to take advantage of different information; the carotid bodies, located on one of the main arteries of the neck, monitor partial pressure within arterial vessels while aortic body, located on the aortic arch, monitors oxygen concentration closer to the heart. [3]
change of blood pH, detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies and in the carotid bodies. [4] change of blood pressure, detected by arterial baroreceptors in the aortic arch and the carotid sinuses. [2] various other inputs from the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. [4]