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A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet." [2] Each frame is separated from the next by an interframe gap. A frame is a series of bits generally composed of frame synchronization bits, the packet payload, and a frame check sequence.
The internal structure of an Ethernet frame is specified in IEEE 802.3. [2] The table below shows the complete Ethernet packet and the frame inside, as transmitted, for the payload size up to the MTU of 1500 octets. [b] Some implementations of Gigabit Ethernet and other higher-speed variants of Ethernet support larger frames, known as jumbo frames.
The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment or the datagram. The Layer 3: network layer PDU is the packet. The Layer 2: data link layer PDU is the frame. The Layer 1: physical layer PDU is the bit or, more generally, symbol. Given a context pertaining to a specific OSI layer, PDU is sometimes used as a synonym for its representation at that ...
The TCP segment is then encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers. [14] The term TCP packet appears in both informal and formal usage, whereas in more precise terminology segment refers to the TCP protocol data unit (PDU), datagram [15] to the IP PDU, and frame to the data link layer PDU:
IP packets are composed of a header and payload. The header consists of fixed and optional fields. The payload appears immediately after the header. An IP packet has no trailer. However, an IP packet is often carried as the payload inside an Ethernet frame, which has its own header and trailer.
A non-uniform frame size configuration in the network using jumbo frames may be detected as jabber by end nodes. [citation needed] Jumbo frames are not part of the official IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. A packet detected as jabber by an upstream repeater and subsequently cut off has an invalid frame check sequence and is dropped. [65]
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) has a simpler basic packet structure than TCP. Each consists of two basic sections: The common header, which occupies the first 12 bytes. In the adjacent diagram, this header is highlighted in blue. The data chunks, which form the remaining portion of the packet.
The payload of an IPv6 packet is typically a datagram or segment of the higher-level transport layer protocol, but may be data for an internet layer (e.g., ICMPv6) or link layer (e.g., OSPF) instead. IPv6 packets are typically transmitted over the link layer (i.e., over Ethernet or Wi-Fi ), which encapsulates each packet in a frame .