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Spearman's two-factor theory proposes that intelligence has two components: general intelligence ("g") and specific ability ("s"). [7] To explain the differences in performance on different tasks, Spearman hypothesized that the "s" component was specific to a certain aspect of intelligence.
Evidence of a general factor of intelligence has been observed in non-human animals. First described in humans, the g factor has since been identified in a number of non-human species. [45] Cognitive ability and intelligence cannot be measured using the same, largely verbally dependent, scales developed for humans.
Intelligence as measured by Psychometric tests has been found to be highly correlated with successful training and performance outcomes (e.g., adaptive performance), [76] [77] [78] and IQ/g is the single best predictor of successful job performance; however, some researchers although largely concurring with this finding have advised caution in ...
Unlike, for example, distance and mass, a concrete measure of intelligence cannot be achieved given the abstract nature of the concept of "intelligence". [6] IQ scores have been shown to be associated with such factors as nutrition , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] parental socioeconomic status , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] morbidity and mortality , [ 12 ] [ 13 ] parental ...
When a more appropriate method of analysis, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, is applied, it has been found that Spearman's hypothesis (i.e., that the difference is due to differences in general intelligence) is only one of several models that could give rise to the observed distributions in test scores (Dolan, 2000).
Brain volume is not a perfect account of intelligence: the relationship explains a modest amount of variance in intelligence – 12% to 36% of the variance. [9] [10] The amount of variance explained by brain volume may also depend on the type of intelligence measured. [9]
The factor analysis paradox – past research has shown evidence for a single factor, "g" or general intelligence, underlying IQ. However, the Flynn effect happens to different degrees in the sub-tests of the WISC test, suggesting that intelligence as measured by IQ tests is multidimensional. Flynn poses this as: "how can intelligence be both ...
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...