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Raynal's prediction came true on the night of 21 August 1791, when the slaves of Saint-Domingue rose in revolt; thousands of slaves attended a secret vodou ceremony as a tropical storm came in — the lightning and the thunder were taken as auspicious omens — and later that night, the slaves began to kill their masters and plunged the colony ...
The French revolutionary government granted citizenship and freedom to free people of color in May 1791, but white planters in Saint-Domingue refused to comply with this decision. This was the catalyst for the 1791 slave rebellion, a key event for the Haitian Revolution with which the new citizens demanded their granted rights.
[56] Within two months, the slave revolt in northern Saint-Domingue killed 2,000 Creoles and burned 280 sugar plantations owned by grand blancs. Ash from blazing sugar cane fields fell from afar onto Cap-Français. [57] As the rebellion in Saint-Domingue dragged on, it changed in nature from a political revolution to a racial war. [21]
In about 1767, Dutty Boukman was born in the region of Senegambia (present-day Senegal and Gambia), where he was a Muslim cleric.He was captured in Senegambia, and transported as a slave to the Caribbean, first to the island of Jamaica, then Saint-Domingue, modern-day Haiti, where he reverted to his indigenous religion and became a Haitian Vodou houngan priest. [1]
When the news of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint-Domingue reached President George Washington, he immediately sent aid to the colonial government there. [7] In contrast, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and other Federalists supported Toussaint Louverture as he gradually took control of Saint-Domingue from the ...
Tacky's War was a widespread slave uprising across Jamaica in the 1760s. Later, in 1795, several slave rebellions broke out across the Caribbean, influenced by the Haitian Revolution: [citation needed] In Martinique the slave rebellion broke out during the French Revolution which compared to the Haitian Revolution led by Toussaint Louverture.
In Saint-Domingue, Toussaint Louverture had gained freedom before he became a leader in the slave rebellion, but he is not believed to have been of mixed race. In the United States, many of the African Americans elected as state and local officials during Reconstruction in the South had been free in the South before the Civil War. [ 24 ]
Later, under French colonial rule, the Caribbean island was known as Saint-Domingue (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.dɔ.mɛ̃ɡ]) and was a French colony from 1659 to 1804. [ 7 ] Early on, enslaved people on the island began resisting captivity and fighting to restore their freedom.