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Aflatoxin B 1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. [9] In animals, aflatoxin B 1 has also been shown to be mutagenic , [ 10 ] teratogenic , [ 11 ] and to cause immunosuppression . [ 12 ]
Aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 (AFB), produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus; Aflatoxin G 1 and G 2 (AFG), produced by some Group II A. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [19] Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1), metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) Aflatoxin M 2, metabolite of aflatoxin B 2 in milk ...
Aflatoxin B 1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B 1.It's formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. [1]In the liver, aflatoxin B 1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B 1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Aflatoxin B 1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. [11] Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics , such as cotton , peanuts , spices , pistachios , and maize .
Aspergillus nomius is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus.It is from the Flavi section. [2] The species was first described in 1987. [1] It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, nominine, paspaline, pseurotin, and tenuazonic acid. [2]
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
Humans looking for them would need to search closely to come into contact. But scientists have warned that the species could be harmful to the ecosystems it invades. The crayfish can grow up to 2 ...
Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. It is also the best studied: in a large percentage of the papers published, the term aflatoxin can be construed to mean aflatoxin B1. However, well over a dozen other aflatoxins (e.g., P1.