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When we speak of English as a foreign language (EFL), we are referring to the role of English for learners in a country where English is not spoken by the majority (what Braj Kachru calls the expanding circle). English as a second language (ESL) refers to the role of English for learners in an English-speaking country, i.e. usually immigrants ...
Limited English proficiency (LEP) is a term used in the United States that refers to a person who is not fluent in the English language, often because it is not their native language. Both LEP and English-language learner (ELL) are terms used by the Office for Civil Rights , a sub-agency of the U.S. Department of Education .
A major concern with the use of educational assessments is the overall validity, accuracy, and fairness when it comes to assessing English language learners (ELL). The majority of assessments within the United States have normative standards based on the English-speaking culture, which does not adequately represent ELL populations.
Allowing students to translanguage, or alternate, between English and their native language is an essential strategy for English-language learners. In the classroom, English-language learners can often feel intimidated when asked to speak or communicate complex ideas, so when students are allowed to use their first language to help produce ...
Foolproof is a synonym for idiot-proof, an assurance, meaning a device that can't be damaged by improper use, and may refer to: Foolproof, a 2003 Canadian heist film "Foolproof", a 1996 song by Canadian country music group Desert Dolphins "Foolproof", a 2021 song by Hayden James, Gorgon City and Nat Dunn; FoolProof, a financial education initiative
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (abbreviated CALD) is a British dictionary of the English language. It was first published in 1995 under the title Cambridge International Dictionary of English by the Cambridge University Press. The dictionary has over 140,000 words, phrases, and meanings. It is suitable for learners at CEF levels B2 ...
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Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, also known as MEDAL, is an advanced learner's dictionary published from 2002 until 2023 [1] by Macmillan Education.It shares most of the features of this type of dictionary: it provides definitions in simple language, using a controlled defining vocabulary; most words have example sentences to illustrate how they are typically used; and ...