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A relief from grave of Lysimachides, 320 BC. Two men and two women sit together as Charon, the ferryman of the Underworld, approaches to take him to the land of the dead.. In Greek mythology, deities referred to as chthonic (/ ˈ θ ɒ n ɪ k /) or chthonian (/ ˈ θ oʊ n i ə n /) [a] were gods or spirits who inhabited the underworld or existed in or under the earth, and were typically ...
The Lemnian cult was always local to Lemnos, but the Samothracian mystery cult spread rapidly throughout the Greek world during the Hellenistic period, eventually initiating Romans. The ancient sources disagree about whether the deities of Samothrace were Cabeiri or not; and the accounts of the two cults differ in detail.
Whitley interpreted the final stage, in which hero-cult was co-opted by the city-state as a political gesture, in the archaic aristocratic tumulus surrounded by stelae, erected by Athens to the cremated citizen-heroes of Marathon (490 BC), to whom chthonic cult was dedicated, as the offering trenches indicate. [10]
Bachofen presents a model where matriarchal society and chthonic mystery cults are the second of four stages of the historical development of religion. The first stage, he called "Hetaerism," was characterized as a paleolithic hunter-and-gatherer society that practiced a polyamorous and communistic lifestyle.
Chthonic law is a legal tradition centered on the sacred character of the cosmos. According to Professor H. Patrick Glenn , the Chthonic legal tradition emerged through experience, orality and memory, is the "oldest of all traditions" [ 1 ] and can be understood as the law of a culture or tribe. [ 2 ]
There were several places where researchers think his cult could be observed: In the municipality of Alandroal, there is the Santuário da Rocha da Mina (Mina's Rock Sanctuary); some authors classify it as a temple of Endovelicus. It is the only known place of this kind in Southern Portugal.
Pausanias, in his account of Boeotia , relates many details about the cult of Trophonius. Whoever desired to consult the oracle would live in a designated house for a period of days, bathing in the River Herkryna (also Erkina ), named after his daughter who was a childhood friend of Persephone 's, and living on sacrificial meat.
Itonia, Itonias or Itonis (Gr. Ἰτωνία, Ἰτωνίας or Ἰτωνίς) was an epithet of the Greek goddess Athena worshiped widely in Thessaly and elsewhere. [1] The name was derived from the town of Iton in the south of Phthiotis.