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The Energy Charter Treaty's purpose in Energy Trade is to create open and non-discriminatory energy markets throughout its member states. This framework follows the rules of the multilateral trading system as embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which later became the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Energy Charter ...
Investors are granted this right through international investment agreements between the investor's home state and the host state. Such agreements can be found in bilateral investment treaties (BITs), international trade treaties such as the 2019 United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, or other treaties like the 1991 Energy Charter Treaty.
The Cairn Energy and Government of India dispute is mainly an ongoing tax and investment dispute which has its origins in 2005–2006. [1] [2] The case is closely linked to Cairn's partner in India, Vedanta, and to concepts such Ex post facto law in the form of retrospective taxation, bilateral investment treaties, and international arbitration between private and sovereign states.
These provisions, often called investor-state dispute settlement provisions, usually mention the forums to which investors can resort for establishing international arbitral tribunals (e.g. ICSID, UNCITRAL or ICC) and how this relates to proceedings in host countries' domestic courts. BITs also typically include a clause on State-State dispute ...
The Reko Diq case, officially known as the Tethyan Copper Company Pty Limited v.Islamic Republic of Pakistan is an ongoing legal case between the Government of Pakistan and the Tethyan Copper Company (TCC) over breach of the Australia–Pakistan Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and illegal denial of mining rights to TCC at the Reko Diq Mine in Chagai District, Balochistan.
In 1982, the TCW Group (TCW) established its Energy & Infrastructure Group in Los Angeles. The purpose of it was to invest solely in companies or projects in energy-related infrastructure.This was by providing mezzanine debt and private equity to energy projects and companies mainly in OCED countries. It would also target one-off negotiated ...
The Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy is a 1960 OECD Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by accidents occurring while producing nuclear energy. [6] [7] The convention entered into force on 1 April 1968 and has been amended by protocols in 1964, 1982, and 2004. The convention, as ...