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Trinidad and Tobago dry forest on Chacachacare showing the dry-season deciduous nature of the vegetation. Dry forests tend to exist in the drier areas north and south of the tropical rainforest belt, south or north of the subtropical deserts, generally in two bands: one between 10° and 20°N latitude and the other between 10° and 20°S latitude.
[1] [2] Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. [3] The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains. [4]
The typical vegetation in the ecoregion is tropical dry deciduous forest. Most trees lose their leaves during the winter dry season. Characteristic trees of the lowlands, typically on limestone-derived soils, are Brosimum alicastrum, Sideroxylon persimile, Godmania aesculifolia, Manilkara zapota, Pterocarpus acapulcensis, Licania arborea, Tabebuia palmeri, Pseudobombax palmeri, Bombax ...
The forests' plant composition changed following the arrival of Polynesians, even excluding the deliberate introduction of non-native species. [5] Fossilized pollen has shown that loulu forests with an understory of Ka palupalu o Kanaloa (Kanaloa kahoolawensis) and ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa) existed on the islands' leeward lowlands [6] from at least before 1210 B.C. until 1565 A.D ...
The principal vegetation in the ecoregion is tropical dry forest. Many trees lose their leaves during the winter dry season. The mature forests have a multi-layered structure, with a middle layer of trees from 15–20 meters high, and an upper layer 20–30 meters high.
Dry forest on Chacachacare, showing the short, shrubby growth-form of the forest.. Trinidad and Tobago dry forests are tropical dry forests located primarily in western and southern parts of the island of Trinidad, in southern parts of the island of Tobago and on smaller offshore islands including Chacachacare, Monos, Huevos, Gaspar Grande, Little Tobago and Saint Giles Island.
Forest understory plants include Lissochilus orchids [2] such as Oeceoclades calcarata, a large, cool growing, showy, terrestrial orchid which grows at medium elevation (1000 to 2000 meters) in western Madagascar. Its habitat is semi-arid and it is found growing in sandy or rocky soils in dry moss and lichen forests. [3]
Asuncion has a Terminalia forest, unique in the archipelago, whose principal species are endemic. [2] Most of the natural vegetation on the older southern islands has been cleared or altered by humans, but areas of primary and secondary forest remain. The plant communities vary with elevation and soils. [2]