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  2. List of side effects of tramadol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_side_effects_of...

    Bradycardia; Hypertension (high blood pressure); Allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnoea (shortness of breath), bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic oedema) Anaphylaxis; Changes in appetite

  3. Irritable bowel syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome

    [117] [118] [119] FODMAPs are not the cause of irritable bowel syndrome nor other functional gastrointestinal disorders, but rather a person develops symptoms when the underlying bowel response is exaggerated or abnormal. [116] A low-FODMAP diet consists of restricting them from the diet. They are globally trimmed, rather than individually ...

  4. Abdominal distension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_distension

    One of the causes of abnormal bloating is excessive eating and air swallowing, known as aerophagia. [2] Other causes of bloating and distension include inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease [3] [4] and ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, functional dyspepsia, or transient constipation.

  5. Fecal incontinence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_incontinence

    The most common causes are thought to be immediate or delayed damage from childbirth, complications from prior anorectal surgery (especially involving the anal sphincters or hemorrhoidal vascular cushions), altered bowel habits (e.g., caused by irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, food intolerance, or constipation with ...

  6. Functional abdominal pain syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_abdominal_pain...

    Functional abdominal pain syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. [4] Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) are common medical conditions characterized by recurrent and persistent gastrointestinal symptoms caused by improper functioning of the enteric system in the absence of any identifiable organic or structural pathology, such as ulcers, inflammation, tumors or masses.

  7. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_bowel_dysfunction

    Spinal cord injury and other neurological problems mostly affect the lower GI tract (i.e., jejunum, ileum, and colon) leading to symptoms of incontinence or constipation. However, the upper GI tract (i.e., esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) may also be affected and patients with NBD often present with multiple symptoms.

  8. Volvulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvulus

    Patients experience abdominal pain, distension, and absolute constipation. Cecal volvulus is slightly less common than sigmoid volvulus and is associated with symptoms of abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction. Volvulus can also occur in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to smooth muscle dysfunction. [citation needed]

  9. Appendicitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicitis

    Straightening out the leg causes pain because it stretches these muscles while flexing the hip activates the iliopsoas and causes pain. [ 44 ] Rovsing's sign : Pain in the lower right abdominal quadrant with continuous deep palpation starting from the left iliac fossa upwards (counterclockwise along the colon).