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A continuous bleaching range is a set of machines to carry out bleaching action. It consists of several compartments in which fabric moves from one side to another with the help of guide rollers and is treated with chemicals, heated, rinsed, and squeezed. Continuous bleaching is possible for the fabrics in open-width or rope form. [6] [7]
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A major source of chemical bleaching is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) that contains a single bond, (–O–O–). When the bond breaks, it gives rise to very reactive oxygen specie, which is the active agent of the bleach. Around sixty percent of the world's hydrogen peroxide is used in chemical bleaching of textiles and wood pulp. [7]
Scouring is an essential pre-treatment for the subsequent finishing stages that include bleaching, dyeing, and printing. [5] Raw and unfinished textiles contain a significant amount of impurities, both natural and foreign.
Mercerisation makes the woven cotton fabric stronger, more lustrous, and less abrasive, and improves its dye affinity. Raising lifts the surface fibers to improve the softness and warmth, as in flannelette. Peach Finish subjects the fabric (either cotton or its synthetic blends) to emery wheels, making the surface velvet-like. This is a special ...
This is the most common way of treating non-washable fabrics. The front of the fabric is sponged with a sponge that is soaked in the solvent being used. The rear of the fabric should be backed up with a clean, absorbent, material. The stain is rubbed with the sponge radially, from the centre of the stain towards its edge.
The fabric treatment formulation is in a gelled or thickened liquid form. Four compulsory ingredients, that include, a dispersing agent, a liquid vehicle that consist of water, a fabric treatment agent, a surfactant. [14] The quaternary amines is used in the fabric treatment formulation of cationic softening or conditioning agents. The ...
The fabric passes over rollers, immerses into a dye bath, and then proceeds through rollers that remove excess dye, allowing it to return to the dye container. [8] The difference between piece-dyeing in a vat and using a pad-dyeing machine is that in the latter, the fabric is continuously moved through one or more dye baths, rather than being ...