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The slope of the water table is known as the “hydraulic gradient”, which depends on the rate at which water is added to and removed from the aquifer and the permeability of the material. The water table does not always mimic the topography due to variations in the underlying geological structure (e.g., folded, faulted, fractured bedrock).
An Earth mass (denoted as M 🜨, M ♁ or M E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth.The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is M 🜨 = 5.9722 × 10 24 kg, with a relative uncertainty of 10 −4. [2]
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
= 1000 kg/m 3: ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic foot oz/ft 3: ≡ oz/ft 3: ≈ 1.001 153 961 kg/m 3: ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic inch oz/in 3: ≡ oz/in 3: ≈ 1.729 994 044 × 10 3 kg/m 3: ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 6.236 023 291 kg/m 3: ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 7.489 ...
1.0 N⋅m (0.74 lbf⋅ft) Nm kg.m; Nm lb.ft; Non-SI metric: kilogram metre: kg.m kg⋅m 1.0 kg⋅m (9.8 N⋅m; 7.2 lb⋅ft) kg.m Nm; kg.m lb.ft; Imperial & US customary: pound force-foot: lb.ft lb⋅ft 1.0 lb⋅ft (1.4 N⋅m) lb.ft Nm; lb.ft kg-m; Scientific: SI: newton-metre: N.m N⋅m Triple combinations are also possible. See the full list ...
In the following table, material data are given with a pressure of 611.7 Pa (equivalent to 0.006117 bar). Up to a temperature of 0.01 °C, the triple point of water, water normally exists as ice, except for supercooled water, for which one data point is tabulated here. At the triple point, ice can exist together with both liquid water and vapor.
Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land.
The total mass of Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 10 18 tonnes, which is about 0.023% of Earth's total mass. At any given time, about 2 × 10 13 tonnes of this is in the form of water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere (for practical purposes, 1 cubic metre of water weighs 1 tonne).