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  2. Variance (accounting) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance_(accounting)

    Variance analysis, in budgeting or management accounting in general, is a tool of budgetary control and performance evaluation, assessing any variances between the budgeted, planned, or standard amount, and the actual amount realized. Variance analysis can be carried out for both costs and revenues.

  3. Sales variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_variance

    There are two reasons actual sales can vary from planned sales: either the volume sold varied from the expected quantity, known as sales volume variance, or the price point at which units were sold differed from the expected price points, known as sales price variance. Both scenarios could also simultaneously contribute to the variance.

  4. Earnings response coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_response_coefficient

    Reasons for differential market response: Beta: The more risk related to the firm's expected returns the lower will be the investor's reactions to a given amount of unexpected earnings.(Note: beta shows risk of a security so you can assume that a high beta means a high risk).

  5. Standard cost accounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_cost_accounting

    An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...

  6. Expected commercial value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_commercial_value

    A project value is computed for each scenario, and the expected commercial value is obtained by multiplying each situation's value by the scenario odds and adding the results. Depending on the procedures used to estimate the value of the project under each scenario, ECV can be a useful way to address project uncertainties.

  7. Percentage-of-completion method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage-of-Completion...

    The accounting for long term contracts using the percentage of completion method is an exception to the basic realization principle. This method is used wherein the revenues are determined based on the costs incurred so far. The percentage of completion method is used when: Collections are assured; The accounting system can: Estimate profitability

  8. Clean surplus accounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Surplus_Accounting

    The clean surplus accounting method provides elements of a forecasting model that yields price as a function of earnings, expected returns, and change in book value. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The theory's primary use is to estimate the value of a company's shares (instead of discounted dividend/cash flow approaches).

  9. Forecast error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecast_error

    It was not just forecasting the Great Recession, but also its impact where it was clear that economists struggled. For example, in Singapore, Citi argued the country would experience "the most severe recession in Singapore’s history". The economy grew in 2009 by 3.1%, and in 2010 the nation saw a 15.2% growth rate. [13] [14]