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The LSM design is described in the paper Linux Security Modules: General Security Support for the Linux Kernel [1] presented at USENIX Security 2002. [2] At the same conference was the paper Using CQUAL for Static Analysis of Authorization Hook Placement [ 3 ] which studied automatic static analysis of the kernel code to verify that all of the ...
Computes and checks SHA-1/SHA-2 message digests shuf: generate random permutations sort: sort lines of text files split: Splits a file into pieces sum: Checksums and counts the blocks in a file tac: Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line tail: Outputs the last part of files tr: Translates or deletes characters tsort ...
Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) is a suite of libraries that allow a Linux system administrator to configure methods to authenticate users. It provides a flexible and centralized way to switch authentication methods for secured applications by using configuration files instead of changing application code. [ 1 ]
The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (due to the fact that installing an entirely new password would involve System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or to act as a preventive measure whereby system administrators check for easily crackable passwords. On a file ...
The Open Group defines one option (-T, to specify the terminal type) and three keywords (init, clear and reset).Most implementations accept the name of a terminal capability together with any parameters that may be needed for that.
Created in 1989 [8] by Brian Fox for the GNU Project, it is supported by the Free Software Foundation and designed as a 100% free alternative for the Bourne shell (sh) and other proprietary Unix shells. [9] Since its inception, Bash has gained widespread adoption and is commonly used as the default login shell for numerous Linux distributions. [10]
It was first proposed by Sun Microsystems in an Open Software Foundation Request for Comments (RFC) 86.0 dated October 1995. [1] It was adopted as the authentication framework of the Common Desktop Environment. As a stand-alone open-source infrastructure, PAM first appeared in Red Hat Linux 3.0.4 in August 1996 in the Linux PAM project.
Essential Linux Administration: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners, by Chuck Easttom (Cengage Press, 2011) Essential System Administration (O'Reilly), 3rd Edition, 2001, by Æleen Frisch; The Practice of System and Network Administration (Addison-Wesley), 2nd Edition 5 Jul. 2007, by Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christine Hogan and Strata R. Chalup