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The use of exposure as a mode of therapy began in the 1950s, at a time when psychodynamic views dominated Western clinical practice and behavioral therapy was first emerging. South African psychologists and psychiatrists first used exposure as a way to reduce pathological fears, such as phobias and anxiety-related problems, and they brought ...
The Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) intervention ... method was developed with the belief that since family members can, and do make important contribution[s] in other areas of addiction treatment (i.e. family and couples therapy), that the CSO can play a powerful role in helping to engage the substance user who is ...
When OCD becomes severe, this leads to more interference in life and continues the frequency and severity of the thoughts the person sought to avoid. [21] Exposure therapy (or exposure and response prevention) is the practice of staying in an anxiety-provoking or feared situation until the distress or anxiety diminishes.
Inference-based therapy was developed in the late 1990s for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. [3] [4] Initially, the model was developed mostly for obsessive-compulsive disorder with overt compulsions and for individuals presenting obsessive-compulsive disorder with overvalued ideas (i.e., obsessions with a bizarre content and strongly invested by the individual, such as feeling dirty ...
Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." [5] [page needed] People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into [their] head frequently," and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something... potentially fatal... to yourself or others."
[2] OCD is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. [3] An obsession is defined as "a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control". [ 4 ] Compulsion can be described as a "ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform". [ 4 ]
Metacognitive training (MCT) is an approach for treating the symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, [1] especially delusions, [2] which has been adapted for other disorders such as depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder and borderline over the years (see below). It was developed by Steffen Moritz and Todd Woodward.
The length of training differs across the world, ranging from four years plus post-Bachelors supervised practice [21] to a doctorate of three to six years which combines clinical placement. [22] The practice of clinical psychology requires a license in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries.