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On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran issued a decree known as Kashf-e hijab (also Romanized as Kashf-e hijāb and Kashf-e hejāb, Persian: کشف حجاب, lit. 'Unveiling') banning all Islamic veils (including hijab and chador), an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented.
Veiling had been abolished in the Kashf-e hijab of 1936 during the reign of Reza Shah, and for a period of five years, veiling had been banned.From 1941 onward, under Reza Shah's son and successor Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, women had been free to dress as they wished. [2]
Reza Shah Pahlavi [3] [a] (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) ... before Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Islamic madreseh and Quran was the only form of schooling available.
Saturday's demonstration coincided with Iranians' Feb. 11 commemoration of the anniversary of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which overthrew Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi's pro-Western monarchy.
Kashf-e hijab was relaxed in 1941 under Reza Shah's heir, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; the wearing of a headscarf or chador was no longer an offence and women were able to dress as they wished. [36] However, hijab was still considered an indicator of backwardness or of membership of the lower class.
In 1936, Reza Shah Pahlavi set the mandatory unveiling of women known as Kashf-e hijab – a highly controversial policy which caused many conservative women to simply stay inside the house rather than go out in a veil and be subjected to harassment from the police, but also caused desegregation in some sectors of society. [8]
Reza Shah, founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. The reign of Reza Shah was authoritarian and dictatorial at a time when authoritarian governments and dictatorships were common in the world and standard for the region. [8] Free press, workers' rights, and political expression were restricted and limited under Reza Shah.
Considered the founding father of modern Iran by contemporary historians, Army General Reza Shah Pahlavi replaced Islamic laws with western ones, and forbade traditional Islamic clothing, separation of the sexes and veiling of women . [5] Women who resisted his ban on public hijab had their chadors forcibly removed and torn.