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The book discusses the 1953 Iranian coup d'état backed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in which Mohammed Mossadegh, Iran's democratically elected prime minister, was overthrown by Islamists supported by American and British agents (chief among them Kermit Roosevelt) and royalists loyal to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Reza Shah previously hired American consultants to develop and implement Western-style financial and administrative systems. Among them was U.S. economist Arthur Millspaugh, who acted as the nation's finance minister. Reza Shah also purchased ships from Italy and hired Italians to teach his troops the intricacies of naval warfare.
Answer to History (French: Réponse à l'histoire; Persian: پاسخ به تاریخ) is a memoir written by the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shortly after his overthrow in 1979 by Islamic revolution. The book was originally written in French and was translated into English and Persian as well as other languages, and was published ...
Iran, in its various known forms, beginning with the Median dynasty, was a monarchy (or composed of multiple smaller monarchies) from the 7th century BCE until 1979.. It first became a constitutional monarchy in 1906 under the Qajar dynasty, but underwent a period of autocracy during the years 1925–1941 during the rule of Reza Shah, who, after staging a coup d'état that led to the founding ...
2013: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa of Qatar. Abdication date: June 25, 2013. Age at abdication: 61 years old. Length of reign: 18 years. Succeeded by: His fourth son, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani. He ...
The event occurred in response to the de-Islamization activities by Reza Shah in 1935. [2] Responding to a cleric, [citation needed] who denounced the Shah's "heretical" innovations, westernizing, corruption, and heavy consumer taxes, many merchants and locals took refuge in the shrine, chanted slogans such as "The Shah is a new Yazid," likening him to the Umayyad caliph.
On the other hand, Reza Shah's military victory over Simko and Turkic tribal leaders initiated a repressive era toward non-Persian minorities. [23] In a nationalistic perspective, Simko's revolt is described as an attempt to build a Kurdish tribal alliance in support of independence. [ 8 ]
The Democratic Party of Azerbaijan was also created by the direct order of Joseph Stalin [9] and capitalized on some local people's dissatisfaction with the centralization policies of Reza Shah. [8] It was supplied with money and weapons by the USSR. [8] Stalin wanted to make pressure on Iran to get an oil concession in Iranian Azerbaijan. [8]