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As of 2013, an estimated 75% of 700 million dogs worldwide were free to roam and reproduce, resulting in overpopulation, high mortality rates and poor health. [1] The main management approach is surgical sterilization, i.e. the removal of testes or ovaries, often performed through trap-neuter-return strategies. [2]
An analysis of medical records of 217 million people in the U.S. compared tubal sterilization and vasectomy rates in the last six months of 2021 with rates in the last six months of 2022—just after the Dobbs ruling (i.e. the overturning of Roe vs Wade) in June 2022. Although the effect of Dobbs was different in various social groups, it had a ...
A 230 mm (9 in) Burdizzo, used primarily on goats, small calves, and sometimes on humans.. The Burdizzo is the name brand of a company that makes a castration device which employs a large clamp designed to break the blood vessels leading into the testicles.
Surgical castration is bilateral orchiectomy (excision of both testicles), while chemical castration uses pharmaceutical drugs to deactivate the testes. Castration causes sterilization (preventing the castrated person or animal from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen.
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Castration in the genital modification and mutilation context is the removal of the testicles. Occasionally the term is also used to refer to penis removal, but that is less common. Castration has been performed in many cultures throughout history, but is now rare. It should not be confused with chemical castration.
[20] Castration or orchiectomy is a suitable option for androgen deprivation therapy, and it should be used if a very quick reduction in testosterone levels is needed. However, in recent years, orchiectomy is not commonly used since medical castration is a viable option. [ 20 ]
A 2022 review states, "In the last 5 years, peritoneal flap vaginoplasty has emerged as a promising technique". [ 28 ] This form of vaginoplasty utilizes tissue of the peritoneum to form the canal lining of the neovagina.