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Among the ankylosaurids, Euoplocephalus was exceeded in size only by Ankylosaurus, and perhaps Tarchia and Cedarpelta. Euoplocephalus was about 5.3 metres (17 ft) long and weighed about 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons). [1] Like other ankylosaurids, it had a very broad and flat low-slung torso, about four feet high, positioned on four short legs.
Ankylosaurus is considered part of the subfamily Ankylosaurinae (members of which are called ankylosaurines) within Ankylosauridae. [20] Ankylosaurus appears to be most closely related to Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus. [21] The following cladogram is based on a 2015 phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosaurinae conducted by Arbour and Currie ...
Euoplocephalus tutus: CMN 0210 [67] Canadian Museum of Nature: Campanian: Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta: Partial skull and numerous osteoderms [67] Originally named Stereocephalus before it was discovered that that genus was already occupied, has also been referred to the nomen dubium Paleoscincus as well as to Ankylosaurus [67] [68]
Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus". [2] [3] [4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".
Thyreophora was defined as a clade by Paul Sereno in 1998, as "all genasaurs more closely related to Ankylosaurus than to Triceratops". Thyreophoroidea was first named by Nopcsa in 1928 and defined by Sereno in 1986, as "Scelidosaurus, Ankylosaurus, their most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants". [6]
As some analyses, like that of Carpenter from 2001 or David B. Norman in 2021 find Scelidosaurus and possibly other early forms like Emausaurus and Scutellosaurus to fall closer to Ankylosaurus than Stegosaurus, Carpenter and later Norman suggested redefining Ankylosauria to limit it to the two subclades Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae ...
Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae.The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. [1]
Anodontosaurus is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae.It is known from the entire span of the Late Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation (mid Late Campanian to "middle" Maastrichtian stage, about 72.8-67 Ma ago) of southern Alberta, Canada, and is also known from the Dinosaur Park Formation (75.6 Ma ago).