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In string theory, spacetime is ten-dimensional (nine spatial dimensions, and one time dimension), while in M-theory it is eleven-dimensional (ten spatial dimensions, and one time dimension). In order to describe real physical phenomena using these theories, one must therefore imagine scenarios in which these extra dimensions would not be ...
String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
However, for string theory to be mathematically consistent, the strings must live in a universe with ten dimensions. String theory explains our perception of the universe to have four dimensions (three space dimensions and one time dimension) by imagining that the extra six dimensions are "curled up", to be so small that they can't be observed ...
11th dimension may refer to: 11-dimensional supergravity, a field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity. 11-dimensional spacetime, which appears in M-theory, a proposed "master theory" that unifies the five superstring theories Introduction to M-theory "11th Dimension" (song), by Julian Casablancas, 2009
In type I open string theory, the ends of open strings are always attached to D-brane surfaces. A string theory with more gauge fields such as SU(2) gauge fields would then correspond to the compactification of some higher-dimensional theory above 11 dimensions, which is not thought to be possible to date.
The earliest string model has several problems: it has a critical dimension D = 26, a feature that was originally discovered by Claud Lovelace in 1971; [38] the theory has a fundamental instability, the presence of tachyons [39] (see tachyon condensation); additionally, the spectrum of particles contains only bosons, particles like the photon ...
When going from the classical theory to the quantum theory of supermembranes it is found that they can only exist in 11 dimensions, just as superstrings can only exist in 10 dimensions. When examining the energy spectrum (the allowed frequencies that a string can vibrate in) it was found that they can only be in discrete values corresponding to ...
He is the editor of The World in Eleven Dimensions: Supergravity, Supermembranes and M-theory, ISBN 0-7503-0672-6., [4] a collection of notable scientific articles on string theory. References [ edit ]