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Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension .
Toughened glass is processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. [6] Tempering, by design, creates balanced internal stresses which causes the glass sheet, when broken, to crumble into small granular chunks of similar size and shape instead of splintering into random, jagged shards.
Also unlike toughened glass, chemically strengthened glass may be cut after strengthening, but loses its added strength within approximately 20 mm of the cut. Similarly, when the surface of chemically strengthened glass is deeply scratched, this area loses its additional strength. Another negative of chemically strengthened glass is the added cost.
A Nokia N8 with a Gorilla Glass screen. Gorilla Glass, developed and manufactured by Corning, is a brand of chemically strengthened glass now in its ninth generation. Designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant, its surface strength and crack-resistance are achieved through immersion in a hot potassium-salt ion-exchange bath.
Imperfections of the glass, such as bubbles, and in particular surface flaws, such as scratches, have a great effect on the strength of glass and decrease it even more than for other brittle materials. [2] [1] The chemical composition of the glass also impacts its tensile strength. [3]
Optical glass refers to a quality of glass suitable for the manufacture of optical systems such as optical lenses, prisms or mirrors.Unlike window glass or crystal, whose formula is adapted to the desired aesthetic effect, optical glass contains additives designed to modify certain optical or mechanical properties of the glass: refractive index, dispersion, transmittance, thermal expansion and ...
Screen printed transfers, where the image is transferred from a paper onto the glass, was patented in the 1930s by Johnson Mattey. Firing is necessary in both methods in order for the ink to be permanently infused with the glass. [2] Printing on glass with UV pinning and curable inks came about almost 60 years later. In this method of printing ...
Dodging lightens an image, while burning darkens it. Dodging the image is the same as burning its negative (and vice versa). Dodge modes: The Screen blend mode inverts both layers, multiplies them, and then inverts that result. The Color Dodge blend mode divides the bottom layer by the inverted top layer. This lightens the bottom layer ...