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The following Punjabi-language publications have been written on the origins of the Gurmukhī script: Singh, Gurbaksh (G.B.) (1950). Gurmukhi Lipi da Janam te Vikas (in Punjabi) (5th ed.). Chandigarh, Punjab, India: Punjab University Press, 2010. ISBN 81-85322-44-9. Alternative link; Ishar Singh Tãgh Gurmukhi Lipi da Vigyamulak Adhiyan.
Gurshaahi Foundation also started an e-learning initiative that seeks to promote the Gurmukhi script, which includes free Punjabi Learning courses for those who want to learn Punjabi. [8] On the occasion of New Year, Gurshaahi took a new initiative to print literary calendars. [9] Gurshaahi is also planning on opening rural libraries across Punjab.
Punjabi dictionaries are compilations of words and phrases used in the Punjabi-language and its dialects. Punjabi dictionaries were first published in the 19th century by printing presses operated by Christian missionaries. [1] Punjabi dictionaries exist in romanized Punjabi, Gurmukhi, and Shahmukhi, or combinations of the three.
Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, in the Gurmukhi script. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard.
Anandpur Lipi (Punjabi: ਆਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਲਿਪੀ; also known as Anandpuri Lipi or Shehkasteh) is a calligraphic (Punjabi: Shikasta [1] [2] [note 1]) style of the Gurmukhi script associated with Guru Gobind Singh. [3] It is commonly found among early manuscripts of the Dasam Granth scripture as the employed script. [4]: 242
The first Punjabi printing press (using Gurmukhi font) was established through a Christian mission at Ludhiana in 1835, and the first Punjabi dictionary was published by Reverend J. Newton in 1854. Commercial books
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
Baba Farid, considered the first major Punjabi poet. [24] The Punjabi language is written with the Gurmukhi alphabet in India and with the Shahmukhi alphabet in Pakistan. Approximately 130 million people speak the Punjabi language. [25] The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century. [26]