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Within craniofacial disorders and abnormalities, orofacial clefts, and specifically cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common in humans. [9] Occurrences of CL/P are most often (around seventy percent of cases) isolated and nonsyndromic, meaning they are not associated with a syndrome or inherited genetic conditions.
If the cleft does not affect the palate structure of the mouth, it is referred to as cleft lip. Cleft lip is formed in the top of the lip as either a small gap or an indentation in the lip (partial or incomplete cleft), or it continues into the nose (complete cleft). Lip cleft can occur as a one-sided (unilateral) or two-sided (bilateral ...
A bifid nose (also known as cleft nose) is an uncommon congenital malformation which is characterized by the presence of a cleft between the two nostrils of the nose. [1] It is the result of a disturbance during embryological nose development. [2] It is part of the Tessier classification for craniofacial clefts. [3]
Cleft palate does not have laterality in the same sense that the cleft lip does. Rather, there are certain morphologic forms of cleft palate (described succinctly by the Veau classification, as explained in detail below). An isolated cleft of the palate (whether Veau-I soft palate only or Veau-II hard and soft palate) is a "midline" cleft.
Cephalometric analysis depends on cephalometric radiography to study relationships between bony and soft tissue landmarks and can be used to diagnose facial growth abnormalities prior to treatment, in the middle of treatment to evaluate progress, or at the conclusion of treatment to ascertain that the goals of treatment have been met. [5]
Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones. [ 1 ] They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches . [ 2 ]
Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a congenital malformation of the midface. [1] For the diagnosis of FND, a patient should present at least two of the following characteristics: hypertelorism (an increased distance between the eyes), a wide nasal root, vertical midline cleft of the nose and/or upper lip, cleft of the wings of the nose, malformed nasal tip, encephalocele (an opening of the skull ...
Clinically, cleft palate presents as opening in the palate that can affect the front palate only or extending from the front to the back palate. [47] Cleft lip is presented clinically with opening of the upper lip which can be a small slit on the upper lip or large opening connected to the nose. [47]