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Bienfang's test is a clinical test used in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis. It is used in conjunction with other examination techniques such as Cogan's lid twitch test [ 1 ] or enhancement of blepharoptosis from prolonged upward gaze.
Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the neuromuscular junction resulting in hallmark variability in muscle weakness and fatigability. MG is an autoimmune disease where anomalous antibodies are produced against the naturally occurring acetylcholine receptors in voluntary muscles.
Myasthenia gravis, or MG, is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. Myasthenia gravis is one of the rarest and most concerning muscular disorders ...
Myasthenia gravis affects 50 to 200 people per million. [3] [4] It is newly diagnosed in 3 to 30 people per million each year. [13] Diagnosis has become more common due to increased awareness. [13] Myasthenia gravis most commonly occurs in women under the age of 40 and in men over the age of 60. [1] [5] [14] It is uncommon in children. [1]
Thus, this test can be used to clinically differentiate between ocular myasthenia gravis and normal individuals. Since myasthenia gravis affects all skeletal muscles, eyelid drooping is often bilateral. It is sometimes done in conjunction with tensilon test, where edrophonium is injected to look for reversibility of eyelid drooping. In ...
Diseases of the motor end plate include myasthenia gravis, a form of muscle weakness due to antibodies against acetylcholine receptor, [13] [14] and its related condition Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). [15] Tetanus and botulism are bacterial infections in which bacterial toxins cause increased or decreased muscle tone, respectively ...
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
A tensilon test, also called an edrophonium test, is a pharmacological test used for the diagnosis of certain neural diseases, especially myasthenia gravis. [1] It is also used to distinguish a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis in individuals undergoing treatment for myasthenia gravis.