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Self-esteem allows people to face life with more confidence, benevolence, and optimism, and thus easily reach their goals and self-actualize. [101] Self-esteem may make people convinced they deserve happiness. [101] The ability to understand and develop positive self-esteem is essential for building healthy relationships with others.
Characteristic Healthy Narcissism Destructive Narcissism Self-confidence: High outward self-confidence in line with reality Grandiose: Desire for power, wealth and admiration: May enjoy power Pursues power at all costs, lacks normal inhibitions in its pursuit Relationships: Real concern for others and their ideas; does not exploit or devalue others
Whereas trait self-esteem seems to be relatively stable over time, [10] state self-esteem can fluctuate in relatively short periods of time depending on circumstances, successes, and failures. [2] RCSE affects the state levels of self-esteem by boosting self-esteem if the relationship is going well, but diminishing it when it is not. [5]
Furthermore, research suggests that self and identity have significant impacts on well-being, behaviour, self-esteem and interpersonal relationships within a society and culture. [3] Therefore, research into self and identity in humans is crucial to acknowledge, as few other species demonstrate behaviours relating to self-recognition and identity.
Positive illusions are a form of self-deception or self-enhancement that feel good, maintain self-esteem, or avoid discomfort, at least in the short term. There are three general forms: inflated assessment of one's own abilities , unrealistic optimism about the future, and an illusion of control . [ 1 ]
People with low self-esteem are more socially anxious and shy which can make it difficult to form close relationships with others. This can harm both their physical and mental health because feeling connected to others is considered a fundamental human motivation. Individuals with low self-esteem have difficulty disclosing to others because ...
Self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) concerns discrepancies between two people in a relationship. The theory posits an individual will maintain as well as enhance their self-esteem via a social comparison to another individual. [1] Self-evaluation refers to the self-perceived social ranking one has towards themselves. It is the continuous process ...
Although it is sometimes thought that those higher in self-esteem are less easily persuaded, there is some evidence that the relationship between self-esteem and persuasibility is actually curvilinear, with people of moderate self-esteem being more easily persuaded than both those of high and low self-esteem levels. [53] Source characteristics ...