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Pale colours: Standard time observed all year Dark colours: Summer time observed Europe spans seven primary time zones (from UTC−01:00 to UTC+05:00), excluding summer time offsets (five of them can be seen on the map, with one further-western zone containing the Azores, and one further-eastern zone spanning the Ural regions of Russia and European part of Kazakhstan).
The tz database partitions the world into regions where local clocks all show the same time. This map was made by combining version 2023d with OpenStreetMap data, using open source software. [1] This is a list of time zones from release 2025a of the tz database. [2]
The zone Europe/Busingen was created in the 2013a release of the tz database, [2] because since the Unix time epoch in 1970, Büsingen has shared clocks with Zurich. [3] Büsingen did not observe DST in 1980 like the rest of West Germany, but did so from 1981 after Switzerland adopted DST.
International Date Line West time zone ... IST: Irish Standard Time [8] ... Middle European Time (same zone as CET) UTC+01:00: MEST:
The criteria for drawing time zones is based on many factors including: legal, political, economic, and physical or geographic. Consequently, time zones rarely adhere to meridian lines. The CET time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, would consist of exactly the area between meridians 7°30′ E and 22°30′ E.
The instant of transition to and from daylight saving time is synchronised across Europe. In Ireland, winter time begins at 02:00 IST on the last Sunday in October (changing the clocks to 01:00 GMT), and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March (changing to 02:00 IST). [3] [4]
The zone Europe/Busingen was created in the 2013a release of the tz database, [9] because since the Unix time epoch in 1970, Büsingen has shared clocks with Zurich. [10] Since 1981 the shifts to DST occur on the date as specified for European Summer Time. [citation needed]
As a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a "physical" UTC+02:00 time, are in another time zone; likewise, there are European areas that have gone for UTC+02:00, even though their "physical" time zone is different from that. Following is a list of such anomalies: