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A spatial database is a general-purpose database (usually a relational database) that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data. Most spatial databases allow the representation of simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons.
Spatial data service - allowing the delivery of the data via the Internet; Processing services - such as datum and projection transformations, or the transformation of cadastral survey observations and owner requests into Cadastral documentation (Spatial) data repository - to store data, e.g., a spatial database; GIS software (client or desktop ...
An object-based spatial database is a spatial database that stores the location as objects. The object-based spatial model treats the world as surface littered with recognizable objects (e.g. cities, rivers), which exist independent of their locations. Objects can be simple as polygons and lines, or be more complex to represent cities.
GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into three categories: primary data capture, the direct measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the global positioning system); secondary data capture, the extraction of information from existing sources that are ...
Oracle Spatial – Product allows users to perform geographic operations and store spatial data types in an Oracle environment. Most commercial GIS packages can read and edit spatial data stored in this way. SAP HANA – Allows users to store common spatial data types, load spatial data files with well-known text (WKT) and well-known binary ...
The reason for this is the more complex balancing required for spatial data as opposed to linear data stored in B-trees. As with most trees, the searching algorithms (e.g., intersection, containment, nearest neighbor search) are rather simple. The key idea is to use the bounding boxes to decide whether or not to search inside a subtree.
The term Distributed GIS was coined by Bruce Gittings at the University of Edinburgh.He was responsible for one of the first Internet-based distributed GIS.In 1994, he designed and implemented the World Wide Earthquake Locator, which provided maps of recent earthquake occurrences to a location-independent user, which used the Xerox PARC Map Viewer (based in California, USA), managed by an ...
The field develops software and web services to model and analyse spatial data, serving the needs of geosciences and related scientific and engineering disciplines. The term is often used interchangeably with Geomatics , although the two have distinct focuses; Geomatics emphasizes acquiring spatial knowledge and leveraging information systems ...